There are many different types of hornet species. While most hornets are native to Europe and Asia, they have invaded North America as well. They thrive mostly in warm weather. There are three main types of hornets that can be found around the world.
Bald-faced Hornets: This type of hornet is the one you find mostly in North America. They can even be found as high as Canada but mostly in the southern United States. It is called a bald-faced hornet because its head is of a white color. While most people call this type a hornet, it has more features that are similar to a wasp or a yellow jacket albeit a little more aggressive. They make their large nest hanging up in trees. This is a common hornet you have probably already seen.
European Hornets: When people refer to hornets, they are mostly referring to European hornets. This is the largest type of wasp that you will find in Europe. The queen European hornet can measure up to 50mm in length. You will find a reddish-orange color on the wings and a lot of yellow stripes on their lower body. This hornet is really defensive of their nests and it will sting instantaneously. Their eyes are indented. If you see one of these, you will instantly know it is a European hornet because of the red on the upper body. This hornet is a carnivore and will eat other insects as food, even other bees.
Asian Giant Hornets: The Asian giant hornet (as well as the Japanese giant hornet) are the biggest types of hornets in the world. They are around 2 inches in length and their wingspan can be as big as over 3 inches. They are mostly found in Japan and that’s why they are referred to as the Japanese giant hornet. The head of this hornet is orange and it is a lot wider than other hornets. It also has big black teeth. Their sting is the most powerful of any hornet and includes a lot of poisonous venom (mandaratoxin). If you are allergic to the venom, the sting can be lethal. Multiple stings from the Asian giant hornet has also been known to kill people.
In a hornet colony, there are also three types of hornets. These hornets will work together for the well-being of the colony. You will find the queen hornet, the worker hornets and the drone hornets in a nest. The queen is responsible for laying eggs at it is the only fertile hornet. That is its sole responsibility. The workers are those who look for food. They can be both male or female. They are also responsible for defending the colony. The drones are born without stingers so their only responsibility is to forage for food and to build the nest.
